Can a charity’s trading activities create tax or VAT obligations?
Yes. Charity status does not make every sale tax exempt or VAT free. Treatment depends on the activity, the applicable exemptions and how profits are used. Some activities may need a separate trading company, so review the arrangement before it becomes substantial.
These answers provide general information, not advice tailored to your circumstances. Rules can change and exceptions may apply — speak to the CASS team before making a tax, accounting or financial decision.
Last updated 3 October 2026
Identify the activity
Trading that directly advances the charity’s purposes can be treated differently from unrelated commercial activity. Selling donated goods can also have a different treatment from selling goods bought for resale.
Check tax and structure
Relevant exemptions have conditions and limits. Significant non-charitable trading can put funds at risk and may need a trading subsidiary. Trustees should obtain appropriate advice before committing resources.
Review VAT separately
A direct-tax exemption does not settle VAT treatment. Consider taxable turnover, any specific reliefs and whether costs relate to business, non-business or exempt activities.
Keep income streams clear
Separate activities in the records so their results and treatment can be assessed. CASS can discuss bookkeeping and reporting, with specialist charity advice where the structure or rules require it.
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